Abstract Summary
On one hand, the European Commission calls for 100 “Positive Energy Districts” (PEDs) to be in the phase between planning and termination by 2025. A PED is a neighbourhood that annually exports more energy than it imports [1]. On the other hand, many urban regions’ electricity distribution grids already struggle to cope with high power demands by electrification of transport and heating, as well as PV power exports during sunny hours. Amsterdam´s distribution system operator Liander announced that parts of the local electricity system already reached their maximal capacity [2], which is also mentioned in [3]. One solution that could “kill two birds with one stone” could be “behind the meter” electric vehicle charging by PV generation. This allows for further installation of PV panels on unused roof space and further charging capacity for electric vehicles without requiring additional grid capacity. Moreover, EV charging could be cleverly integrated into the concept of PEDs to increase the export of energy without straining the distribution grid. This work will focus on comparing “behind the meter” charging with “in front of the meter” charging in terms of cost and grid impact and will discuss preliminary results in the context of PEDs. [1] European Commission, “SET-Plan ACTION n°3.2 Implementation Plan,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://jpi-urbaneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/setplan_smartcities_implementationplan.pdf. [2] Liander, “Transportcapaciteit in Amsterdam,” 2021. https://www.liander.nl/transportcapaciteit/amsterdam. [3] S. Halleck Vega, E. van Leeuwen, and N. van Twillert, “Uptake of residential energy efficiency measures and renewable energy: Do spatial factors matter?,” Energy Policy, vol. 160, Jan. 2022.
